• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Side form unit (1) for casting prefabricated concrete products, which side form unit is used for forming side forms for a mold for a reinforced concrete product to be cast, which side form unit comprises a mold surface (2) restricting the product to be cast, and which side form unit comprises a first part (2) with grooves (7, 7’) for reinforcements (4) extending through the side form unit, which grooves extend from the opposite edge of the side form unit in relation to the fixing surface (6) of the side form unit, and a second part (3) attachable to the first part, which second part comprises sections covering the grooves of the first part for the areas not filled with reinforcements, wherein when the second part (3) is attached to the first part (2), a single opening is formed at each groove (7, 7’) for a reinforcement or a part of a reinforcement (4). The invention also relates to a system utilizing this kind of side form unit (1).
    公开号:FI20186000A1
    申请号:FI20186000
    申请日:2018-11-26
    公开日:2020-05-27
    发明作者:Petteri Laitinen；Tero Mäki
    申请人:Elematic Oyj；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Side form unit and system for casting prefabricated concrete products The present invention relates to a casting mold side form unit restricting a prefabri- cated concrete element or product to be cast in the mold, which side form unit com- prises a mold surface plate.
    More precisely the invention relates to a side form unit allowing reinforcements to extend through the side form unit, and to a system utiliz- ing this kind of side form unit.
    When manufacturing prefabricated concrete elements, the elements are cast in an element factory in molds that can be vertical molds, such as battery molds, or hori- zontal molds, such as table molds and tilting molds.
    For assembling the molds, there are generally used detachable side form units that are attached to the mold surface, either horizontal or vertical surface, by means of magnets.
    Some of the side forms or side form units of the casting mold may also be fixedly connected, by bolts or welding, or connected through hinges to the mold, generally at the edges of the mold surface.
    When using horizontal molds, such as table molds or tilting molds, the manufactur- ing process is started by first building on the casting table a mold that defines the measures of the product to be cast.
    Generally this is nowadays carried out by build- ing the mold on a metallic tiltable casting table of mold side form units that are at- tached by means of magnets.
    When the mold defining the external measures of the mold is finished, inside the mold there are, when necessary, respectively formed areas bordered by side form units, for example for windows, doors or other corre- sponding allocations defining the casting area of the cast product.
    Moreover, when © necessary, various devices are placed on the casting table inside the mold for shap- > 25 ing the outer surface of the cast product or for forming the required allocations on — the outer surface, such as cardboard, provided with surface retarder, that is set on a the casting table when casting graphic concrete.
    At the final stage of preparing the - mold, it is provided with the necessary reinforcements, piping and other parts lo- = cated inside the element to be cast, whereafter concrete mix is poured in the mold. 5 30 For pouring concrete mix in a mold, there is generally used a concrete mix casting © arrangement moving above the mold that feeds concrete mix to the casting mold.
    N when employing a tilting mold, this casting of concrete mix in the mold takes place from a casting arrangement placed above the casting table or brought above the casting table.
    When casting in a circulating mold line, the casting mold is generallybrought to a vibrator station provided with casting equipment, in which vibrator sta- tion the concrete mix is poured in the mold.
    Possibly already during the casting of the concrete mix, but not later than after the concrete mix is poured in the mold, the mold filled with concrete mix is vibrated for compacting the concrete mix and for ensuring that the mold is properly filled. When using tilting molds, said vibration is realized for example by intermediation of vibra- tors placed under the casting table, and in a circulating mold line in a vibrator station where the concrete mix is poured in the mold, said vibrator station being provided with vibrators for vibrating the casting mold.
    After the cast concrete product is cured, the product is in the case of a tilting mold removed from the casting mold by disassembling part of the mold, by tilting the cast- ing table and by lifting the product away from the casting table by means of lifting loops or lugs provided in the product. In a circulating mold line, the mold is trans- ferred to a separate tilting station for removing the cast concrete product from the mold.
    Battery mold casting technology is mainly used for casting solid prefabricated con- crete wall or floor elements. Battery mold typically comprises a plurality of vertical casting cells arranged between fixed side wall and a mobile side wall. The casting cells are separated by intermediate walls from each other, which intermediate walls define a vertical side surface for two mold cells, one on each side of the intermediate wall. The mobile side wall and the intermediate walls located between the mobile side wall and the fixed side wall are movable along rails so that the distance between these side walls can be increased when the casting cells, one by one, are opened for removing the cured cast product from the casting cell, or when the casting cells © 25 are furnished for a new casting. Each of the casting cells also comprises mold side N forms at the edges of the walls that combine two adjacent walls to form the casting = cell, with the exception of the top edges of the casting cells, which are left open for © casting concrete mass into the casting cell.
    E The battery mold casting systems can be formed as single-sided, where the casting S 30 cells are located only between the fixed side wall and the single mobile side wall, or 3 double-sided, where there are two mobile side walls on both side of the fixed side > wall together with the intermediate walls defining the casting cells.
    The main advantages obtained with battery mold casting technology is the small floor area required for the molds, very precise dimensions and smooth and ready- to-paint finish on both sides of the product to be cast.
    In the battery mold casting process, the series of casting cells are first furnished and once all of the cells are ready, the mobile side wall is locked in relation to the fixed side wall, generally with suitable hydraulic system, so that the casting cells between the walls are compactly compressed against the side walls and intermediate walls.
    Then concrete mass is cast or poured into the mold cells at stages so that each of the casting cells are filled substantially similarly and at same stages, so that the hydraulic pressure of the concrete mass affects all of the casting cells substantially similarly through the filling process. During and/or after the casting of the concrete mass into the molds the concrete mass is compacted with vibrating. Once the cast- ing cells are filled, the concrete is left to cure. Once the concrete is cured at suitable pre-curing level, the casting cells are opened one by one and the pre-cured ele- ments are moved to suitable curing area for final curing.
    In the prefabrication of concrete elements, the elements comprising reinforcements that extend outside of the elements through the side surface of the element causes significant problems. The holes or grooves required by these reinforcements are difficult to form in the side forms or side form elements used in the prefabrication processes in such a way that they would be easy to use and sufficiently leak-proof for different applications. Thus, these opening for reinforcements often required manual steps to fill rest of the openings in order to prevent the concrete mass cast to the mold to leak from the mold via parts of these openings.
    Publication EP 3 341 170 A1 discloses one solution for a mold side form for prefab- © 25 — rication of concrete elements, where the side form unit comprises upper section N which is horizontally adjustable, so that two separate horizontally displaced mold = surfaces can be formed with a same side form unit. In the adjustable part of the side © form unit the mold surface place may be provided with holes, slots or other recesses I for the reinforcements extending through the side form unit.
    a S 30 Publication CN 204019694 U discloses a concrete mold side form, where grooves 3 are formed in the side form for reinforcements passing through the side form. The a disclosed side form also comprises second part for covering the vacant area of the N grooves between two reinforcements, or parts of a reinforcement loop, by moving the second part in relation to the first part along the length direction of the side form. — This solution significantly decreases the time for forming and eguipping the moldsince the required manual filling of the openings in the side form after reinforcements are set in their place in the mold is minimized. Some manual filling of the openings may still be required when utilizing this solution, and the solution is not sufficiently tight and leak-proof for utilizing in battery molds, for example.
    The present invention provides a novel side form unit, which can be utilized in hori- zontal and vertical molds, and which allows easy and quick placement of the rein- forcements to the mold, which reinforcements extend and pass through the side form unit. The side form unit of the present invention also provides solution for al- lowing the reinforcements to pass through the side form unit, which does not require — additional manual actions for filling of the excessive openings in the side form unit before the casting of the concrete mass into the mold, and where the side form unit is easy to operate and thus very suitable for prefabrication of concrete products. The side form unit of the invention for casting prefabricated concrete products, which side form unit is used for forming side forms for a mold for a reinforced concrete — product to be cast, comprises a mold surface restricting the product to be cast, a first part with grooves for reinforcements extending through the side form unit, which grooves extend from the opposite edge of the side form unit in relation to the fixing surface of the side form unit, and a second part attachable to the first part, which second part comprises sections covering the grooves of the first part for the areas not filled with reinforcements, wherein when the second part is attached to the first part, a single opening is formed at each groove for a reinforcement or a part of a reinforcement.
    In an embodiment of the side form unit of the invention the side form unit is a de- tachable side form unit that is fixed to a mold surface with one or more separate or © 25 integral magnets. Alternatively, the first part of the side form unit may be a fixed part N of the mold.
    a In the detachable side form unit embodiment, the fixing of the side form unit to the - mold surface is preferably implemented via the second part of the side form unit.
    a > In an embodiment of the side form unit of the invention the first part and the second S 30 part are made of metal, preferably from sheet steel.
    0 > In an embodiment of the side form unit the first part is eguipped with slots into which parts of the second part are set in order to fix these parts together in direction per- pendicular to the mold surface of the side form element, and in order to define their relative positions.
    The present invention also provides a system for casting prefabricated concrete products in mold casting, which concrete products comprises reinforcements ex- tending outside of the mold, which reinforcements form reinforcement bar loops out- side of the concrete product, wherein in the casting mold is used at least one side 5 form unit discussed above, and the reinforcement loops are placed in the mold in such a way that the first point from where the reinforcement loop exits from the mold is displaced in relation to the second point where the same reinforcement loop exits from the mold by tilting the reinforcement loop in a plane of the mold surface plate of the side form unit so that the said first exit point and second exit point are located at different places along the length of the side form unit, and at different grooves of the said side form unit. In an embodiment of the system of the invention the reinforcement loop is tilted 3% 7°in relation to the plane extending perpendicular ly both from the casting surface to which the side form unit is fixed and from the mold surface of the side form unit. — More precisely the features defining a side form unit in accordance with the present invention are presented in claim 1, and the features defining a system of the inven- tion are presented in claim 7. Dependent claims present advantageous features and embodiments of the invention. Exemplifying embodiment of the invention and its advantages are explained in greater detail below in the sense of example and with reference to accompanying drawings, where Figure 1A shows schematically an embodiment of a side form of the invention fixed on a suitable casting surface with a magnet, = Figure 1B shows schematically the embodiment of the figure 1A,
    N = 25 Figures 1C and 1D show schematically the parts of the embodiment of previ- © ous figures, and
    I = Figure 1E shows schematically the embodiment of figure 1A as a side view.
    O S The embodiment of a side form 1 of the invention shown schematically in the figures 2 comprises two main parts 2 and 3, wherein the first part 2 form most of the mold
    O N 30 surface restricting the concrete product to be cast, and the second part 3 is used mainly to cover the open portions formed in the fist part 2 for the reinforcements 4 passing through the side form 1. The side form 1 is in this embodiment a detachableside form which is fixed to a suitable mold surface 6, such as a surface of a table mold or a surface of a side wall of a battery mold, with a magnet unit 5.
    As can be best seen from figure 1D, in the first part 2 of the side form 1 are formed a plurality of pairs of grooves 7 and 7’ for reinforcements 4 passing through the side form 1. Corresponding counter grooves 8, 8’ (see figure 1C) are formed in the sec- ond part 3 of the side form 1. When the second part 3 is attached to the first part 2, a side form 1 is formed, where only small holes formed by the bottom portions of the grooves 7, 7° and top portions of grooves 8, 8 remain in the side form 1 for the reinforcements 4.
    When the side form 1 is used in forming a concrete mold, the first part 2 of the side form is attached to the mold surface. This attachment can be made with auxiliary magnets (not shown) located at the bottom of the first part 2, for example.
    During equipping of the formed mold reinforcements 4 are set on the mold so that the ends of the reinforcements extend through the first part 2 in the grooves 7, 7°.
    Only a single reinforcement bar or, as in the embodiment of figures, part of an rein- forcement loop 4 is set in a single groove 7, 7°. The used reinforcements are advan- tageously in form of the shown reinforcement loops, which are tilted in suitable way so that parts of the same reinforcement loop 4 can be set in separate grooves. The tilting is advantageously between 3° and 7°.
    Once the equipping of the mold is done, the second part 3 is connected to the first part 2 by moving it vertically downwards, i.e. perpendicularly towards the mold sur- face 6 so that the second part attaches itself to the first part via fitting forms. This form-fitting attachment is achieved with slot 9 formed in the upper part of the first © part 2 and with wedged grooves 10 formed at the bottom part of the first part in the > 25 near vicinity of the bottom of the deeper grooves 7, to which the corresponding parts = of the second part sets.
    N As a final step, the whole thus formed side form 1 is fixed to the mold surface 6 with E a separate magnet unit 5 via the second part 3, which final fastening also further o secures the fixing of the first part 2 and the second part 3 to each other. The magnet S 30 unit 5 is advantageously of the type disclosed in publication EP 1 075 917 B, so that © a similar wedge-type fastening effect between the magnet unit 5 and the side form N 1 is achieved.
    Alternatively, in battery molds, the first part 2 and second part 3 of the side form 1 of the invention can be a fixed parts of the opposite side walls, so that the final side form 1 is formed when the side walls of the battery mold are fixed to each other. The specific exemplifying embodiment of the invention shown in figures and dis- cussed above should not be construed as limiting. A person skilled in the art can amend and modify the embodiment of the invention described in many evident ways within the scope of the attached claims. Thus, the invention is not limited merely to the embodiment described above.
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    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1] 1. Side form unit (1) for casting prefabricated concrete products, which side form unit is used for forming side forms for a mold for a reinforced concrete product to be cast, which side form unit comprises a mold surface (2) restricting the product to be cast, and which side form unit comprises a first part (2) with grooves (7, 7°) for rein- forcements (4) extending through the side form unit, which grooves extend from the opposite edge of the side form unit in relation to the fixing surface (6) of the side form unit, and a second part (3) attachable to the first part, which second part com- prises sections covering the grooves of the first part for the areas not filled with reinforcements, characterized in that when the second part (3) is attached to the first part (2), a single opening is formed at each groove (7, 7°) for a reinforcement or a part of a reinforcement (4).
    [2] 2. Side form unit (1) according to claim 1, wherein the side form unit (1) is a de- tachable side form unit that is fixed to a mold surface (6) with one or more separate or integral magnets (5).
    [3] 3. Side form unit (1) according to claim 1, wherein the first part (2) of the side form unit (1) is a fixed part of the mold.
    [4] 4. Side form unit (1) according to claim 2, wherein the fixing of the side form unit (1) to the mold surface (6) is implemented via the second part (3) of the side form unit.
    [5] 5. Side form unit (1) according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the first part (2) and the second part (3) are made of metal, preferably from sheet metal. ©
    [6] 6. Side form unit (1) according to any of claim 1-5, wherein the first part (2) is N eguipped with slots (9, 10) into which parts of the second part (3) are set in order to = 25 fix these parts (2, 3) together in direction perpendicular to the mold surface of the © side form (1), and in order to define their relative positions. E
    [7] 7. System for casting prefabricated concrete products in mold casting, which con- S crete products comprises reinforcements (4) extending outside of the mold, which 3 reinforcements form reinforcement bar loops outside of the concrete product, char- D 30 acterized in that in the casting mold is used at least one side form unit (1) of the N preceding claims, and the reinforcement loops (4) are placed in the mold in such a way that the first point (7, 8) from where the reinforcement loop exits from the mold is displaced from the second point (7°, 8’) where the same reinforcement loop exitsfrom the mold by tilting the reinforcement loop in a plane of the mold surface plate (2) of the side form unit so that the said first exit point and second exit point are located at different places along the length of the side form unit, and at different grooves of the side form unit.
    [8] 8. System according to claim 7, wherein the reinforcement loop (4) is tilted 3°-7° in relation to the plane extending perpendicularly both from the casting surface (6) to which the side form unit (1) is fixed and from the mold surface (2) of the side form unit.
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    法律状态:
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    优先权:
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